Basics
Your first formulas
Definition
A formula is a cell entry that begins with an equals sign and calculates a result from numbers, cell references, or functions.
Syntax
=A2+B2
Arguments
| Argument | Meaning |
|---|---|
= |
The equals sign tells Excel that what follows is a calculation, not plain text. |
A2, B2 |
Cell references that pull in the current contents of those cells. |
+ - * / |
Operators for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. |
Worked example
A stationery order lists boxes and the price per box. Boxes are in B2:B4 and prices in C2:C4.
| A: Item | B: Boxes | C: Price per box |
|---|---|---|
| Cable ties | 17 | 3 |
| Tape | 12 | 7 |
| Glue | 16 | 6 |
Formula: =B2*C2
Result: 51. Entered in D2, the formula multiplies 17 boxes by 3 per box.
Practice
Cell A2 holds 250 and cell B2 holds 75. Write a formula in C2 that subtracts the second amount from the first.
- In C2, write a formula that subtracts B2 from A2. Begin with an equals sign.
- C2 should calculate A2 minus B2.
Step 1 of 2
Enter =A2-B2 in C2. A leading equals sign makes it a formula.
250 minus 75 leaves 175.
Formulas here use English function names, such as SUM, and a period as the decimal separator, in every language.
Loading the sheet…
C2 now holds a formula, not a typed number.
C2 now shows 175.
The next lesson is References that move when filled.
Related functions
Functions such as SUM can sit inside a formula, letting one entry add a whole range instead of chaining many plus signs.
Common mistake
Typing 5+3 without the leading equals sign; Excel stores it as text and shows 5+3 instead of 8.